"Tax cuts do not have to be justified. It's government spending that 
has to be justified." --Sheldon Richman

 

Congress
Congressional Directory, Capitol Spotlight, Votes Search, Committees, Thomas
 
White House/Executive
White House, State of the Union, Campaign Finance Database...
 
Judiciary
Supreme Court, America & the Courts, Latest Opinions...
 
State/Local
State Legislatures, NGA, NACo,
U.S. Conference of Mayors...
 
International
World Legislatures, U.N., European Union, British Prime Minister...
 
Media Organizations
Washington Post, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Roll Call...
 
Policy Organizations
DNC, RNC, AFL-CIO, NAACP, AEI, ACLU, CSIS, Brookings Institution...

Related Web Sites:  Scholarly Sites

The American Historical Association  
This is the home page of the major professional historical association covering all fields of history. The organization's Web site contains information about the AHA and links to other sites of interest to prospective historians and K-12 teachers. Teachers of K-12 will find a page devoted to their interests with links to the National History Education Network, National History Day, and many other sites of interest to history teachers. 

ThisNation
Created by a political science professor, this nation is a guide for students and the voting public, on the US Government. The online textbook starts with an introduction "Why Government?" which explains some of the roles the government plays in our lives. The library links to many documents, speeches and constitutions of other nations. Under the area marked students, you will find some very tough self-grading quizzes. This has the easiest method to find your elected officials.

CongressLink
A new Congress has been sworn in. Do you know who's who? Visit this site to learn all about the 107th Congress, as well as access lessons on topics as broad as "Checks and Balances: The Line Item Veto," "Congressional Workloads," and "Eulogy and Obituary as Historical Evidence." Type in your zipcode to find your representatives and information including individual e-mail addresses, recent votes, and staff information.

The U.S. Constitution
A great site that explains the details of the constitution and the motivation for the Framers.

The Library of Congress Learning Page
The Library of Congress (LOC) has organized its digitized American Memory collection for educators. An "Educator's Page" helps teachers incorporate the LOC online collections into curriculum. Materials include photographs and recorded interviews and illustrate various political, social, and economic themes in the American experience. The electronic collections are arranged alphabetically by keyword and media type, and the entire site is searchable.

The American Political Science Association On-Line.  
This is the home of the major organization of persons engaged in the study of politics and government. Watch this site for new features which are slated to include a wide range of information on teaching political science, including "collections of syllabi, on-line classrooms, and resources on civic education."  The APSA has launched a new service devoted to civic education as part of its teaching website. 

Avalon Project at the Yale Law School.  
This is a rich source for documents related to "Law, History, Economics, Politics, Diplomacy, and Government." Documents are arranged by century covering the pre-18th Century through the 20th Century. Documents include important founding era landmarks such as the Declaration of Independence and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Nineteenth Century documents include major treaties and Acts of Congress such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Twentieth Century documents include the Atlantic Charter and the NATO Treaty and many documents on World War II and many other topics. This is an excellent resource of fundamental documents useful for classroom discussion, class projects, or supplemental reading.  

Clearinghouse for Teaching and Teacher Education  
The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) is a federally funded, nationwide information network designed to provide you with ready access to education literature. It is a program of the National Library of Education, U.S. Department of Education. At the heart of ERIC is the largest database in the world--containing more than 950,000 records of journal articles, research reports, curriculum and teaching guides, conference papers, and books. Each year aproximately 33,000 new records are added. The ERIC database is available in many formats at hundreds of locations. The ERIC Clearinghouse on Teaching and Teacher Education, one of sixteen ERIC Clearinghouses, collects, abstracts, and indexes education materials for the ERIC database; responds to requests for information in the subject areas of teaching; teacher education; and health, physical education, recreation, and dance (HPERD); and produces special publications on current research, programs, and practices. 
 

The Gallup Poll.  
This site contains up to date information on the latest Gallup Polls taken to gauge public opinion on various questions of public policy, politics, and social and cultural trends. This site could be utilized in the classroom to stimulate discussion and to elicit student opinion on issues covered by the Gallup Polls. A list of Gallup Poll news releases includes more than a year of Gallup Poll surveys. Gallup Poll Data rates the president, Congress, the mood of the country, and provides a storehouse of election polls going back to 1936.  

Humanities Online (H-Net).  
This site provides diverse information primarily of interest to history and social studies teachers at all levels, including book and film reviews, job listings, reports on humanities related actions of the federal government, and the H-Net Teaching Project which provides evaluations of teaching materials and shares course descriptions and syllabi at all levels. Within the H-Net Teaching Project is H-High-S, designed for High School History and Social Studies teachers.
  

John C. Stennis Center for Public Service.  
Located in Starkville, Mississippi, near Mississippi State University, the Stennis Center was established in 1988 with a threefold mission: 1) to attract young people to careers in public service; 2) to provide training and development for those in public service; 3) to help train and equip congressional staff to perform their jobs more efficiently. This site provides an outline of the programs of the Stennis Center. Of particular interest to students and teachers using CongressLink is the John C. Stennis National Student Congress, which brings together about 400 outstanding high school students for a mock Congress. The Stennis Center site also provides an excellent selected list of Web sites for students and citizens interested in government and public service.   

National Political Index.  
This is one of the most comprehensive lists of political information currently on the Internet, currently linking to 3,500 political Web sites. The sites are well organized into 32 categories, including current political news sources, federal elected officials, tracking congressional legislation, political humor, political science departments, and a category on political games and simulations. Teachers will find some of the games very useful for classroom use, such as Uncle Sam's Budget Balancer, which allows users to balance the federal budget. Another game, "The World's Smallest Political Quiz," is ten questions which allow persons to determine their political leanings. It is an interesting exercise when used with care. The questions seem to be stacked in favor of the Libertarian Party, which just happens to be the sponsor of the quiz.  

Policy.com  
Policy.com is among the Internet's largest and most widely-used policy news and information services, offering daily, in-depth policy news and analysis from think tanks, advocacy groups, trade associations, foundations, and government agencies. The information is nonpartisan and is linked directly to original documents. The site includes a fully searchable database covering such issues as labor, education, transportation, welfare and jobs, health care, the environment, and dozens more. It has a special section detailing programs for students, educators, and debaters.  

PollingReport.com  
PollingReport.com is a nonpartisan site that reports the results of the latest national polls.  The data come from major research organizations, such as Gallup, Harris, Yankelovich, and Princeton Survey Research.  Updated daily, it includes ratings of Congress, congressional leaders, and the president; election surveys; and polls on politics and public policy issues.  It also features articles by leading pollsters on such topics  as how to read and interpret polls and survey techniques.  

Public Agenda
Public Agenda is a nonpartisan, nonprofit research organization devoted to public opinion and citizen education.  This Web site covers 19 policy issues, from abortion to welfare, with balanced background information and discussion material.  Public Agenda also analyzes public opinion on each issue, with a particular eye to when polls might be misleading or open to misinterpretation.

 

 

Congressional Basics



How Our Laws Are Made:  The Long Version

 

Congressional Highlights

THOMAS: Legislative Information on the Internet. This site is the most comprehensive Internet source for information about the House and Senate. Much of the data currently relates to the 106th Congress, but the Library of Congress is currently updating the site for the new 107th Congress.

Related Web Sites:  Civic Education Sites

American Political Science Association's Civic Education Network. 
Education for civic engagement and responsive governance were founding objectives of the political science profession at the beginning of the 20th century and remain essential for the 21st century.  In addition to classroom materials, most of which are targeted for the college and university level, the site offers scholarly essays about teaching civic education and a list of civic education organizations. 

Center for Civic Education. 
This is a highly successful educational organization which sponsors the annual Bicentennial Competition on the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights which reaches hundreds of thousands of high school students each year. This site contains information about the Center's programs, publications of the Center, curricula materials and standards for civic education, articles and papers on civic education, and links to other civic education organizations. Sample curricula materials for middle school and high school students include such topics as "Why Do We Need Government?" and "How Can Citizens Participate?"

edHelper.com
This site, designed by teachers for one-stop shopping, links to over 14,000 resources including 7,000 lesson plans and 1,000 webquests. Materials are divided into subject matter categories (those that relate to CongressLink include civics, social science, and history) and by grade levels within subjects. The sources and quality of lessons vary widely, but edHelper is a good place to see a range of teacher-produced lesson plans.

EDSITEment 
EDSITEment brings together the best of the humanities on the web. It is a constantly growing collection of the most valuable online resources for teaching English, history, art history, and foreign languages. EDSITEment is a joint project of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Council of the Great City Schools, MCI Communications Corp., and the National Trust for the Humanities. 

Federal Resources for Educational Excellence 
Federal Resources for Educational Excellence (FREE) includes valuable teaching resources from more than 35 federal agencies. It also offers search tools for finding federal resources on thousands of topics such as the U.S. Constitution. The site features teacher-developed units and a section devoted to students' interests, and a parental guide for using the Internet.

Homework Central
This site contains research for over 2,000 school study subjects and includes a section on government and civics.  Each of the site's links is hand-picked to ensure that it is kid-safe.  There are over 8,000 teacher lesson plans arrayed by grade and subject.

Kids Voting USA. 
Kids Voting USA is a national network of 41 state organizations which conduct civic awareness programs for students from K-12. Students participate in national, state, and local elections. Begun in 1990, the program now reaches more than 5 million students and 200,000 teachers. Teachers will find much useful curriculum materials and student activities, including a test questionnaire on the U.S. Constitution. Further information about this innovative program can be found by contacting persons from a list of state coordinators. 

The Milliken Exchange 
Provides a forum for unique insights into the designing of sound public policy for educational technology: Here, national, state and local policy makers access a host of resources and join colleagues in intelligently guiding the redesign of American schools to optimize learning in a digital age. One feature, for example, called Impacting Teaching and Learning: highlights new designs in standards, curriculum, instruction and assessment using emergent technologies. 

National Archives and Records Administration Digital Classroom. 
Provides primary sources, suggested classroom activities, and training for teachers and students. The site contains primary documents and lesson plans, a list of National Archives publications, and information on summer workshops for teachers. Teachers participating in National History Day will also find documents related to the 1999 theme "Science, Technology, Invention in History:  Impact, Influence, Change." 

National Constitution Center
The National Constitution Center is an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization established by Congress to increase understanding of the U.S. Constitution and its relevance to the daily lives of Americans. NCC's Web site provides information about constitutional provisions and principles and basic research tools for students and teachers. Kids Corner, for example, gives young site visitors a chance to compare their knowledge of the constitution to those questioned in NCC's two national polls, or role-play a Supreme Court justice. For teachers, the site offers access to about 200 teacher-generated lesson plans.

The National Council for the Social Studies (NCSSOn- Line). 
Provides teaching resources, professional development, standards and curricula, and other internet links of interest to social studies teachers. 

National Standards for Civic Education. 
The Center for Civic Education has developed these voluntary National Standards for Civics and Government for students in kindergarten through grade twelve (K-12) supported by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) of the U.S. Department of Education and The Pew Charitable Trusts.  These National Standards for Civic and Government are intended to help schools develop competent and responsible citizens who possess a reasoned commitment to the fundamental values and principles that are essential to the preservation and improvement of American constitutional democracy.  This document is limited to content standards specifying what students should know and be and to do in the field of civics 
and government. 

PBS Democracy Project 
This is a sophisticated, graphics-laden site linked to PBS television news programs including Frontline, StraightTalk, Charlie Rose, and the Online Newshour, as well as Democracy Project specials and the PBS series "The American Experience." Teachers will find "Educator's Primers" to PBS programs designed to facilitate classroom articles and discussions on a variety of PBS programs useful in classroom settings. Current topics include a television program and Web site called Follow the Money which contains a time line on campaign finance issues from 1757 to 1997, a political cartoon gallery, and for those who have "Real Player" Audio/Video software, sound and video clips can be downloaded. 

PBS Teacher Source

A section for Social Studies teachers contains lesson plans, student activities, and resources which are searchable by grade level. The site recommends books and other sites and has a special feature just for kids.

Project Vote Smart
Project Vote Smart is a national library of factual information on over 13,000 elected offices and candidates for public office --- President, Governors, Congress and State Legislatures. The site covers them in five basic areas: backgrounds, issue positions, voting records, campaign finances and the performance evaluations made on them by over 100 conservative to liberal special interests.

Study Web: Government and Politics 
An encyclopedic resource with links to more than 50,000 research-quality web sites organized in 34 topic sections. Each site listed identifies an approximate grade level and the amount of visual material included. The Government section lists more than 70 sites ranging from government agencies to "Conservative Review." 

TechNet 
This is a commercial site that has hundreds of teaching ideas and links to other teachers who are working with the Internet in their classrooms. The social studies section is not as well developed as others, but it does feature a few lesson ideas for history and social issues. 

 THE Journal 
The online version of T.H.E. Journal contains articles about using technology in teaching. Authors tend to be teachers, educators, and support staff. Titles in recent volumes included the following: "Using CD-ROM Technology with Pre-service Teachers to Develop Portfolios," "Hang-Ups of Introducing Computer Technology," and "Preparing an Instructional Lesson Using Resources Off the Internet." 

WWWATeachers 
Managed by the South Central Regional Technology in Education Consortium, this site features "true stories of trials and triumphs with technology in the classroom," student reactions to a variety of Internet-based activities, and dozens of ideas for using the web in the classroom. "Class Collections," for example, highlights web sites created by teachers and "Premier Tracks" features ready-to-go web lessons.