1	Foreign Policy and National Defense
2	Foreign Policy And Democracy: A Contradiction in Terms? Presidents more important w/foreign than domestic policy
3	Public Opinion Less Important in Foreign Affairs Other countries unpredictable Need for speed / secrecy Public’s influence increasing in foreign policy
4	U.S. one of two Superpowers: Economic power Military power
5	Growth of U.S. Power Aftermath of World War II (1945) U.S. foreign policy became entangled in Cold War with Soviet Union
6	Cold War With the USSR Containment George F. Kennan X-article Truman Doctrine (1947) Greece, Turkey
7	More Cold War Marshall Plan (Gen. Geo. Marshall) Communist regimes set up in Eastern Europe United States / Soviets had nuclear capability
8	Korean War Korea – 4:00AM, 6/25/1950 1st armed struggle of Cold War United States / South Korea, fighting under UN resolution Soviets absent at UN (China)
9	Consequences / Stalemate Korean War cease-fire in 1953 World divided into two camps Fixed boundaries / stable balance of power Both sides at nuclear parity Mutually assured destruction (MAD) was source of stability / basis for arms control
10	Cold War With the USSR VP Richard Nixon Visits Russia Ike - Bomber Gap - 1954 Mayday Parade - Bison Kelly Johnson - Lockheed Skunk Wks U2 - Too high to shoot down Flies 4 yrs / Soviets detected all No bomber gap
11	Cold War With the USSR 10/4/1957 Sputnik Missile Gap U2 Tries to photo missile sites Ground Missile hit Mig, It exploded, shock waves damaged U2 5/1960 - U2 - Gary Powers alive No Missile Gap
12	Cold War With the USSR 10/15/1963 - Dick Heyser in U2 photos SS4’s / SS5’s in Cuba 10/17 - rapid assembly of IL-28 Nuclear Bombers on runways USSR committed to no offensive weapons in American Hemisphere Kennedy - 10/15-29/1963 Cuban Missile Crisis
13	Cold War With the USSR Kennedy vs. Khrushchev Cuban Quarantine RFK - secretly meets Amb. Dobrynin US missiles in Turkey Sat. 10/27 U2 shot down over Cuba / Another lost over Soviet mainland Sun. 10/28 Khrushchev announcement on Russian TV
14	Cold War With the USSR Soviets had “Frog” tactical nuclear missiles 90,000 Soviets not 40,000 No Missile Gap
15	Vietnam and Détente Vietnam War - foreign policy setback Thoughts of military action in the 1990s came with memories of Vietnam
16	United States and USSR 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev of Soviet Union proposed arms control with U.S Gorbachev introduced “market” in economic affairs / more political freedom in USSR
17	End of Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union: Independence for E. Europe (Berlin Wall surrounded W. Berlin, 1969-1989)
18	American Superpower Status Economic Power Military Power
19	Post Cold War World New security issues in post cold war era 1990s - a changed world / national security / international relations
20	Economic and Social Dilemmas The global environment The drug trade Immigration
21	Who Makes Foreign Policy? President / executive branch Congress involved with foreign trade / aid / military bases / contracts
22	The Executive Branch National Security Council (NSC) Department of State (located in foggy bottom, a reclaimed marsh located close to the Potomac River) Department of Defense (DOD) Intelligence agencies
23	Congress Congress - less-active in foreign policy than domestic policy Appropriating money for defense and foreign policy
24	"Secrecy requires that the public..." Secrecy requires that the public knows little of what the government is doing Difficult to hold government accountable