APA Publication Manual Supplement (5^th ed.)

by Dr. Kevin M. P. Woller

- Visual examples of most of the reference citations in text can be found on pages 306-312, and also on pages 317-320.

One Work by One Author (3.94, 207)

If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative –

Surname (year)

Woller (2002)

Otherwise, use this:

(Surname, year)

(Woller, 2002)

One Work by Multiple Authors (3.95, 208)

When a work has 2 authors, always cite both IN ORDER OF AUTHORSHIP (e.g. NOT alphabetically) –

Author and Author (year).

Woller and Marrero (2002)

(Author & Author, year)

(Woller & Marrero, 2002)

When a work has 3 or more authors:

1^st citation, use all the authors;

Author, Author, … (year)

Woller, Buboltz, and Loveland (2006)

(Author, Author, … year)

(Woller, Buboltz, & Loveland, 2006)

For subsequent citations, use the first author and “et al.”;

Woller et al. (2006)

(Woller et al., 2006)

*Special rule – omit year from subsequent citations after first citation WITHIN A PARAGRAPH (3.95, 208)

For first citation WITHIN A PARAGRAPH (using 3 author format)

Woller et al. (2006)

(Woller et al., 2006)

For second citation and thereafter WITHIN A PARAGRAPH

Woller et al.

(Woller et al.)

It is typically unnecessary to cite an author multiple times within a paragraph (SOMETIMES it is OK if ideas are separated by a good amount of space (several sentences) OR on a subsequent page, but avoid over-citation).  Other methods can be employed (e.g. “the authors also…” AS LONG AS there would be no confusion about whom “the authors” would be).

Groups as Authors (3.96, 210)

1^st citation:

National Institute of Mental Health [(NIMH), 2002] stated that…

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2002)

Subsequent citations:

NIMH (2002)

(NIMH, 2002)

Two or more works (3.99, 212)

Go alphabetically by first author, NOT by year, and separate references with a semi-colon:

Several authors (Dugan & Zeiter, 2003; Rutledge, 1993; Woller & Marrero, 2002) state that…

Specific parts of a source (3.101, 213)

IMPORTANT TO AVOID PLAGERISM!!!

Always give page numbers for specific quotes, always abbreviate “page” and “chapter”

“Rogers State University is an excellent place to go to school” (Woller & Marrero, 2002, p. 57).

Woller and Marrero (2002) state “Rogers State University is an excellent place to go to school” (p. 325).

(Woller & Marrero, 2002, chap. 2)

Woller and Marrero (2002) state “Rogers State University is an excellent place to go to school” (chap. 2).

For electronic sources that DO NOT provide page numbers (make sure you can’t “figure it out” – e.g. the page numbers are on the electronic document especially in a .pdf file), use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the ¶ symbol or the abbreviation “para.”

(Woller & Marrero, 2002, ¶ 4)

(Woller & Marrero, 2002, introduction section, para.  4)

Quotations are often used by students, but should be done so SPARINGLY!  The general rule of thumb on quotations is THREE MAXIMUM in the entire paper, with an earnest attempt at keeping them under 40 words.  Specifics on quotations can be found on pages 117-122.

Quotation of sources (3.34, 117)

-Under 40 words, quotations are simply incorporated into the paper using quotation marks (see Quotation 1, 118)

-Over 40 words, quotations are put in a freestanding block indented .5” from left margin, double spaced WITHOUT quotation marks (see Quotation 3, 118)

Accuracy (3.35, 118)

-Direct quotations must be accurate (verbatim) even if the source is incorrect

Changes from the Source Requiring Explanation (3.38, 119)

-Use three spaced ellipsis points (. . .) to indicate that you have omitted material for the original source (see Quotation 1, 118)

- Use brackets, not parentheses, to enclose material inserted in a quotation by some other person than the original author (e.g. you, etc) (see Quotation 2, 118)

Occasionally a student will have to cite legal materials (court cases, statutes, legislation, etc.).  Preliminary information of citation can be found in Works with no author (including legal materials) or with an anonymous author (3.97, 210).  However, detailed information on both in text citation and reference information can be found in Appendix D, pages 397-410.

Any questions?

References Section

FYI: General Forms (4.07, 223) MOST important/useful, but we will cover this last as we will “build up” to the entire forms

General Rules:

- Double-space all (313)

- Use a .5 hanging indentation for all

- Do NOT separate a citation between pages

- Generally DO NOT italicize anything in parentheses

- Visual examples of references can be found on pages 313-316

Authors (4.08, 224)

- Put the entire references section in alphabetical order of the FIRST AUTHOR

- LAST name first with NO first names (just initials; put a space between initials if more than one)

- Comma between each author (unless there is only one)

- Comma and ampersand between last two authors (even if there are only two)

Woller, K. M. P., & Marrero, A. F.

Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M.

Publication Date (4.09, 225)

- Journals & books: copyright year goes in parentheses (be sure there is a space between the last period for the last author’s name, and a period following the close parentheses for all publication dates)

- Monthly magazines, newsletters & newspapers: copyright year followed by month

- Daily/weekly magazines, newsletters & newspapers: copyright year followed by month AND specific date

Woller, K. M. P. (2003).

Woller, K. M. P. (2003, January).

Woller, K. M. P. (2003, January 15).

Title of Article or Chapter (4.10, 226)

- Capitalize ONLY the first word of the title and subtitle (what comes after a colon), if any, and any proper nouns (names, etc); DO NOT italicize or place quotes around title

Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M. (2006). Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender.

Title of a non-periodical (book) – NOT IN MANUAL HERE or is somewhat confusing, however, appears on page 207

- Capitalize ONLY the first word of the title and subtitle (what comes after a colon), if any, and any proper nouns (names, etc); Italicize

Dye, T. R., & Harrison, B. C.  (2005). Power and society: An introduction to the social sciences (10^th ed.). 

Hergenhahn, B. R. (2005).  An introduction to the history of psychology (5^th ed.). 

Woller, K. M. P. (2003).  The psychology of Americans in a rural setting (5^th ed.). 

Title of Work and Publication information (4.11, 227)

- Use the FULL name of the periodical (journal, magazine) in uppercase (except where lowercase is appropriate; words like “and”, “of”, etc.)

- Give the volume number ONLY, (e.g. DO NOT use “Vol.”)

- Italicize both periodical AND volume

- Give inclusive page numbers, DON’T use “pp.” unless for newspapers

Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M. (2006). Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender.  The American Journal of Psychology, 119 (1), 1-12.

Publication Information: Nonperiodicals (4.14, 230)

- Give city and state/province (unless area is WELL known); separate with a colon

- Give the name of publisher in as brief form as is intelligible

- In the rare event that the author is the same as publisher, you can use the word “author” for the publisher.

Claremore, OK: Woller’s Press.

Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Washington, D.C.: Author.

Retrieval information: Electronic Sources (4.15, 231)

- If the information is obtained from a document on the Internet, provide the Internet address at the end of the retrieval statement.  NO period is used with an Internet address

- If the information is retrieved from a database, the name of that database is sufficient

- Use the statement: Retrieved month day, year, from source.

Retrieved August 30^th, 2002, from http://www.great.com/thissavedmypaper

Retrieved August 30^th, 2002, from EBSCO database.

EXAMPLES 239-281 with a table of contents from 232-239!!!

General Forms (4.07, 223)

Periodical:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year).  Title of article.  Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx.

e.g.:

Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M. (2006). Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender.  The American Journal of Psychology, 119 (1), 1-12.

Nonperiodical:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work.  Location: Publisher.

e.g.:

American Psychological Association (2001).  Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5^th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

Dye, T. R., & Harrison, B. C.  (2005). Power and society: An introduction to the social sciences (10^th ed.).  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Online Periodical:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of Article.  Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx.  Retrieved month day, year, from source.

e.g.: 

Woller, K. M. P., Marrero, A., & Dugan, P. (2002).  How to teach at RSU.  Journal of Education, 15, 234-242.  Retrieved August 30^th, 2002, from PsycARTICLES database.

OR

Woller, K. M. P., Marrero, A., & Dugan, P. (2002).  How to teach at RSU.  Journal of Education, 15, 234-242.  Retrieved August 30^th, 2002, from http://www.great.com/thissavedmypaper